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Civil/Structural Engineering Services
Structural System Design
Structural systems are determined according to the architectural concept projects prepared by the employer. Specified recommendations are typically transferred to the drawings. In the report to be prepared, the approximate dimensions, advantages and disadvantages of the structural system alternatives without any calculations are specified and presented to the employer's decision.
After the selection of the structural system by the employer, the stage of preparation of the license projects would start. At this stage, coordination with other project disciplines is established and the static projects are detailed in accordance with the relevant specifications, laws and regulations.
All dimensions are verified with static calculations.
Seismic Evaluation of Structures
GEKO Engineering staff use "Turkey Building Earthquake Regulation" (TBDY, 2019) or "Risky Structure Determination Principles" (RYTE in 2013) to assess the seismic performance of structures.
RYTE is used for reinforced concrete and masonry buildings with a height of less than 25 m and 8 floors above ground level. Only linear elastic methods are used in the calculations and cannot be used outside the building risk assessment purposes.
TBDY, 2019 is used in all buildings including reinforced concrete, masonry and steel. It is suitable to use both linear elastic methods and nonlinear methods. It can be used for building design, evaluation and strengthening purposes The performance levels of the building are determined by the methods described in TBDY, 2019. These levels of performance are;
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Operational
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Immediate use
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Life safety
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Collapse Prevention
GEKO Engineering will complete all necessary analysis requirements with its experienced engineer staff by using RYTE, 2013 and TBDY 2019 and with the help of all the necessary analysis tools.
Risky Structure Evaluation
In order to benefit from the advantages offered by the 6306 Urban Transformation Act, the performance of your building against earthquake needs to be determined. According to the results of the analysis carried out by our team of experts and summarized in Earthquake Risk Report determined outlined in the Act, the owners and tenants can benefit from advantages and benefits provided by the Ministry.
Services we provide during the performance evaluation of your building includes;
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Check that your building is built according to current projects
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Preparation of the structural system survey of your building
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Collecting samples from structural system and carrying out concrete strength tests in laboratory environment
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Determination of diameter and number of reinforcement by X-rays from columns and shear walls, determination of strength loss of reinforcements
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Determining the current performance of the structural system and 3D modeling by applying linear methods
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Preparation of the Earthquake Risk Report in the format specified by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization and approval of the report for review by the Ministry
Structural Strengthening
The main reasons for strengthening are;
• Architectural revisions (eg, layout changes and additions)
• Old earthquake regulation (eg, ABYYHY-1997)
• Construction Errors (missing reinforcement, low quality building materials, segregation, etc.)
• Project Errors (calculation errors, detail deficiencies, etc.)
In cases where structural deficiency is limited in a certain region, preference is given to element strengthening; however, if the number of insufficient elements is large or the lateral stiffness is not sufficient, the system behavior improvement approach is more accurate than improving elements one by one.
As GEKO Engineering our expertise in strengthening techniques can be summarized as,
(i) ELEMENT STRENGTHENING
techniques applied individually to structural elements that are found to be inadequate
a. Column Strengthening
1. Reinforced concrete jacketing (by adding a new reinforced concrete layer)
2. Steel jacketing (by placing steel brackets on the corners of the column, compressing the upper and lower base plates and welding the brackets with horizontal steel belts)
3. Fiber reinforced polymers (wrapping columns with fiber stranded polyester strips)
b. Beam Strengthening: Strengthening beams in terms of earthquake safety is not a priority, but may be necessary in some cases.
1. New reinforced concrete layer:
2. Steel plate or fiber reinforced polymers: Adhesion of steel plate or carbon strips with epoxy to the traction face of the beam is effective in increasing the flexural capacity.
3. Clamp as shear reinforcement: The placement of steel clamps in the circumference of the girder along the girder is effective in increasing the shear strength. (
c. Slab Strengthening: A new concrete layer with reinforcement mesh
(ii) SYSTEM BEHAVIOR IMPROVEMENT
with the effect of some new carrier elements added to the structure, existing structural elements can be considered to have sufficient capacity with much lower stresses and may not need to be strengthened
1. in-situ cast reinforced concrete infill walls (being successfully implemented in Turkey)
2. The use of steel braces
3. Building a new structure outside the building
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